The historical-and-philosophical sources of formation of Heideggerian understanding of experience are discovered and retraced in the article. It is researched what this understanding is about and indicated how the perception of experience as the factually-historical reality influences the philosopher’s construction of hermeneutic version of phenomenology in contrast to the reflexive one. In this context, the human specifics is defined not with the help of theoretical self-consciousness, but with the ability to interpret one’s own life taking into account factuality and historicity of the concrete hermeneutic situation. The material of writings of the early period of M. Heidegger’s philosophy is used.